Crash Movie Review

Misconception The 2004 movie Crash, directed by Paul Haggis, is a resemblance of how our society is today. It demonstrates people’s actions during their daily lives. There is a disconnection between every person and that is what makes each individual who they are. One way of depicting each person is through their actions, decisions, and the way they deal with people. Throughout the movie hate crime and hate speech was captured in the movie Crash through several characters. The one which I could easily identify was with the Persian family, Farhad the husband, Shareen the wife, and the daughter Dorri.Several incidents occurred that could be portrayed in reality. The family business store was robed at gun point and to prevent the incident from occurring again, the family decided to purchase a gun for protection. Protection of a gun was the only way that Farhad could feel safe. Often people think that having a gun is the only way to not be harmed and the movie challenges that per ception. Purchasing the gun was difficult because Farhad was from the Middle East. Dirk, the gun owner, gave the family a hard time when he denied them the right to purchase the gun.I believe the gun seller had the mentality that the Persians were Arabian and that they were planning a terroristic attack. After the 911 attack in society, most Americans judge anybody with Arabian characteristics as the â€Å"evil† people. They feel that they are in America for one purpose and that is to cause terror. The store was vandalized and graffiti of the nationality Arab was mistakenly (the family is Persian) drawn on the wall of Farhad’s store. The family was victims of hate crime and hate speech without any justice; they were being attacked because of assumptions of being Arabian.The judgment on the family’s ethnicity is something that constantly occurs around America. Personally, my family is Haitian and they speak Creole, since my family looks African American but speak another language, some people easily assume that they are African. My family has an accent and there were times when we would go to stores and people of other races would insult my family and tell them to go back to Africa because they could not understand what they were saying. My family had several situations where they had to leave a store a restaurant because of being a different ethnicity.Throughout the movie, one would think that Farhad would have better treatment toward other people because of how others treat him and his family, but he displays the same treatment given to him, to others. After the store was vandalized, the shopkeeper called a locksmith by the name of Daniel to repair the lock. The lock was repaired, but it was the door that needed to be replaced and Daniel informed Farhad of this. The cold harsh treatments of other people cause Farhad to treat others the same way.He becomes offensive and disrespects the repairman because he feels that the repairman is tryin g to rip him off. Daniel constantly told Farhad that the door needed to be replaced and Farhad did not take his words into consideration. Farhad insulted him and the repairman was so angry that he left without getting paid for his work. The door not being fixed caused Farhad to have more animosity to people outside his race. Aside from showing the animosity of foreigners, this movie also shows that Americans are not friendly people and mistreat foreigners who come to America for a better life.The Persian family has their own store and it was their most prized possession in America. The young people hated them so much that they broke into their store and vandalized it. The vandalized store caused Farhad to blame the repairman. Whenever there is problem, human beings seem to never take accountability for their actions and blame other people before blaming themselves. Farhad accused the repairman for being at fault for the destructions of his store and tried to get his insurance to cov er the damages.The insurance could not reimburse Farhad for the damages of his store because the repairman told Farhad that the door needed to be replaced. Therefore, Farahad decided to get justice on his own. He wanted to retaliate and he identified the home address of the locksmith and waited on him to come home from work. Farhad saw the locksmith approach his home so Farhad walked toward him and pointed a gun at him. The Daniel’s daughter, Laura, saw the altercation, ran and jumped up on her father to give him a hug and protect him from getting shot.Farhad pulls the trigger and nothing happens to the little girl. Farhad’s decision was selfish; he was too concerned about his shop and did not realize that killing a human being was not the right decision. Being that the shopkeeper, Farhad, is an immigrant, he was hated by Americans and it caused him to hate other nationalities as well. He wanted justice and he felt that the only way he can get it was by matching the ha tred of his, with the hatred of his ethnicity, from other people. The people who vandalized Farhad’s store were negligent and did not accept diversity.Farhad’s was tired of being hated because of his ethnicity, so he decided to take action. He was mistreated and he wanted the mistreatment to stop, he wanted to retaliate and make Daniel pay for the vandalism of his store. People in our society often feel that the only way that they can feel better about a person or situation is if they resolve it through fighting or killing. These conflicts are resolved by negative decisions of crimes and hurtful words because of being different in a society. There needs to be more peace and less violence in the world and the movie Crash exemplifies why.

Importance of College Education

Student Name: Student Identification Number: Course Number and Title: ENG110. 6. 3 Achieving Academic Excellence Assignment Number and Title: Writhing Assessment 5_06 Date of Submission: April 10, 2013 The importance of a college education to me will allow me grow professionally as well personally. Obtaining my degree will benefit me by helping me get the proper education to help further my career I chose in Human Resources. It will open a whole new world for me and allow me to grow. I can obtain my degree which is very important because I want to be financially stable and have a career in Human Resources.College will open doors and provide me with better opportunities than just having a high school diploma. Having a college degree for me would help me achieve what I want and where I want to go. That is to have a stable job and have a decent income coming in so I can live comfortable. One of my reasons for me to go back to college is my only son. He is thirteen now and I am hoping to get my degree before he graduates out of high school. I want him to have a positive role model to look up to. I want him to understand what a college education can provide to him if that’s the path he chooses after high school graduation.My lifelong goals sent me back to school so I can better my life and show my son what a college degree can take you. I’m hoping it will help me get a better job so that I will be able to provide for myself and my son. According to Mr. Scott Reed â€Å"with a definite, step-by-step – ah, what a difference it makes! You cannot fail, because each step carries you along to the next, like a track†. One can be more competitive in the growing job market. Having a college degree is going to help me pursue what I want and will help me grow personally and professionally.I chose to further my education at Ashworth because of the flexibility of taking classes online and being a full time mom and having a full time job, Ashworth made it possible to go back to school. In this day and age it’s hard to get a good paying job or having a career without obtaining a college education. By achieving a college degree I will have improved my chances of acquiring a great paying job in Human Resources. Bibliography Successstories. com 2011 http://www. successories. com/iquote/author/4072/scott-reed-quotes/1

Macbeth and Animal Farm Analysis Essay

Explore the ways ambition is presented and developed in the texts Macbeth and Animal Farm. Macbeth and Animal farm have many common elements that can be paralleled between the two texts. One of the main ideas is the way the two main characters, Macbeth and Napoleon have an intense ambition and languish to have control over others which they take by force and their desperate attempts to contain it. William Shakespeare portrays Macbeth as a cold-blooded, power-hungry and ambitious tyrant, blinded by his burning desire to be authoritative, who will go to extreme measures to achieve his goals. On the contrary, George Orwell shows Napoleon as a manipulative character who hides his true intentions (much like Macbeth) from all those around him, even those who are his supposed allies. Both texts have historical backgrounds. Orwell writes about the Russian Revolution, in form of an allegory, (which has led to the fable being described as political literature with universal resonance), however Macbeth was a play of extreme violence written in the Elizabethan period for the reigning monarchs (King James I) in 1606. Shakespeare shows the darker side of humanity through Macbeths desire to be the best and how he becomes ruthless and emotionless from securing it. Macbeths ambition first comes to light to the reader when Banquo describes Macbeth as â€Å"rapt withal† after hearing the witches prophecies which strongly indicated that he would become King. The word â€Å"rapt† can be interpreted to be a double entendre suggesting that Macbeth is both wrapped up in his thoughts and is unable to find a way out as well as being literally entranced and â€Å"rapt† by the news the witches have told him. Although Banquo strongly dismisses the idea that the prophecies could even contain the faintest bit of truth however Macbeth quickly becomes intrigued by what the witches have to offer him pleading â€Å"Stay you imperfect speakers. / Tell me more.† It is at this point that the reader realises that Macbeth’s desires are not â€Å"honest trifles† like those of his co mpanions and later on in the scene this idea is reinforced by Shakespeare’s deliberate use of an â€Å"[Aside]† showing that Macbeth is aware his thoughts are wrong. Audiences watching they play at the time would have believed that Macbeth was acting under the influence of the witches enchantments when deciding to keep his desires to himself. This links to the idea of Macbeth’s ambition taking priority over loyalty towards the king and his companions, knowing that if they could hear his thoughts they would horrified. Shakespeare represents  Macbeth’s desire in a direct and harsh way in comparison to Orwell who tries to subtly introduce Napoleon and keep his thoughts private from the reader. When both characters are first introduced their description give the reader an insight as to what their personalities are like and in Napoleons case could foreshadow later events. In the opening of the second chapter Orwell introduced Napoleon as â€Å"a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm† as well as stating that he was â€Å"not much of a talker but with a reputation for getting his own way.â₠¬  This immediately sets him apart from the rest of the pigs and the word â€Å"only† also shows he has a different mind-set from those around him and is a unique and individual character. The deliberate use of the word â€Å"large† is effective as it foreshadows the magnitude of Napoleon’s ambition to gain power and control of Animal Farm. The description of Napoleon as â€Å"fierce-looking† also could suggest that he will terrorise the animals later on in the book and he will rely on fear in order to fulfil his ambition. On the other hand the description of Macbeth as â€Å"noble† and â€Å"valiant† leaves the reader with a false first impression of Macbeth’s personality. In Act 1 Scene 7 Shakespeare expresses Macbeth’s feelings and emotions through the use of a soliloquy. This is a technique he uses to show the confusion that Macbeth is facing due to his ambition to rule Scotland. In the beginning of the soliloquy Macbeth is questioning whether sacrilege is the answer to his problems and his state of mind is unstable suggesting he does not want to commit a crime. Near the end of the soliloquy he uses nature imagery to show what he is doing is unnatural and going against the ‘Divine Right of King’ by personifying nature through stating that â€Å"The tears shall drown t he wind.† This could be a reference to the tears that will be shed by those in the castle upon hearing of King Duncan’s death. The last lines of the soliloquy are important as Macbeth states: â€Å"I have no spur / To prick the sides of my intent, but only / Vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself / And falls on th’other–† suggesting that he aware that the consequences of allowing his ambition to control his actions could backfire. This implies that Macbeth’s excessive ambition is like a horse that attempts to cross a hurdle that is too high and falls.† It is extremely convenient that Lady Macbeth enters at this time as this suggests that she is the spur that will drive him on to achieve the power and status that he believes he rightly  deserves.

Information Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information Security - Essay Example However the use of computer simulations has certain disadvantages or limitations as well since it cannot be used for optimization (Introduction to Computer Simulation, n.d.). It is a tool that is generally cost effective for any organization and assists in exploration of new systems before building them in real (Heidari, n.d., p.5). The present study has been undertaken on a case study and its evaluation considering an organization and its internal process improvement that is trying to involve the computer simulation measures thereby trying to evaluate the risks and the security factors associated with the new system improvement. Objectives of the Study: Considering the case study and the organization’s incorporation of new system of internal process improvement through computer simulation, the following objectives have been decided for the study: To identify the resource used in the design process which is currently held on the internal network and that may be affected by the change from an ‘internal-only’ network to a mix of internal and external networks. To discuss the risks of the integrity of the chosen resource, if this resource was to be provisioned from outside the corporate network. To identify a technology, or process, that would help to protect the integrity of your resource as it moves from the internal to the external network and back again. Internal Process Improvement and the Design Process: As the case study reflects, the Internal Process Improvement team of the organization concerned has plans to make certain changes in their processes of development that includes the incorporation of computer simulation programs. This has primarily arisen from a penalty that the company suffered from in the recent times owing to missing a delivery that was necessary before flights. In order to improve the current status of working, the team has considered using computer simulation of larger parts of engine that is used in their project com pletion. In the present times, the company makes use of CAD or Computer Aided Design that produce the drawings of the engine containing all the wiring and electrical features (Rouse, 2011). However the usefulness of the computer simulations have been determined and realized thereby the system being attracted for incorporation in the organization. With the computer simulation trying to be considered, there are two possible ways to use the system- either by purchasing the compute resources, or by renting them from outside the corporate organization. Thus bringing the compute resources from the external sources might affect the current system of working that is based on the internal sources and might also increase the risks of security that are the major concerns of this study. It can be understood that with the advancements of technology and their uses in the organizations, the internal operations of the organizations are affected particularly considering the case where the organizati on plans to incorporate computer simulation techniques that has an up-front cost for the company and it is not possible for the company to avoid these expenses. Although there are positive effects of such external resources and technologies being used in the organizations, however, there are certain factors that might affect the internal operations negatively as well. In this case, the risks of secu

Discuss the role of the nurse in the decision-making process when Essay

Discuss the role of the nurse in the decision-making process when caring for patients with complex needs - Essay Example The needs of the patient shall be outlined below. The physical endurance of patients with congestive heart failure is lower as compared to normal patients. Consequently, their emotional and physiological concerns cause major changes in the quality of their lives. These patients often perceive the quality of their lives based on their health status and limitations in self-care. They also see programs which focus on patient education and disease management as programs which can help improve the quality of their life and decrease hospital readmission rates (Chelho, et.al., 2005, p. 1). Congestive heart failure is a disease which reduces the patients’ ability to care for themselves mostly because of weakness caused by their weaker cardiac and respiratory systems (Hosenpud and Greenburg, 2007, p. 3). It afflicts many patients past the age of 70 and most of them are often readmitted to hospitals because of poor disease management (Hosenpud and Greenburg, 2007, p. 4). ... 111). There are various models which focus on different aspects of the patient’s health. For this patient, Lydia Hall’s Care, Cure, and Core Model shall be used as an assessment and care model. Lydia Hall’s model specifies that patients have basically three needs – the physical, the medical, and the social needs (McCoy, 2011). By fulfilling these needs, chronically ill patients can be adequately cared for. This model can be used in order to assist with patient education, management of maintenance medications, and delivery of physical and emotional support. Through medication management and provision of social support, patient hospitalization can be reduced; the patient’s ability to self-manage his disease can be ensured; exacerbations can be prevented; and hospital readmissions can be reduced (Quaglietti, et.al., 2000, p. 259). Lydia Hall’s model provides a framework for open communication between patients and nurses and it has three interrel ated elements which refer to medical and clinical management of patients. The care circle of the Hall’s model emphasizes on the intimate care provided by the nurses to the patients – in terms of assistance during bathing, dressing, and in the conduct of their daily activities (Tuohy and Birnbach, 2001, p. 135). In caring for the CHF and the breast cancer patients, the care model of Hall’s framework refers to the hands-on care provided by the nurses to the patients. This care includes the process of providing a relaxing environment for the patients, especially one which encourages open communication and trust between nurses and patients. Through open communication, the patients

Criminal justice Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Criminal justice - Thesis Example This analyzes the effectiveness and the accountability of a program, and whether it works or not. The following essay will discuss the elements of Municipal Police training program and how it can be evaluated. The program is offered in very many criminal justice institutions and it provides skills in enforcing law in townships, municipalities and cities. The course, which requires around 700 hours to be completed, is quite extensive but has certain modules that are common in all institutions. Recruits start by undertaking legal studies and social sciences, and their relation to the current social, ethical and political affairs. This is followed by a period of technical and physical training under a specialist which ends with an evaluation report about each recruit. The recruits are then upgraded with skills in their line of work like human relations, crisis management, operation of motor vehicles and firearms, among others (Criminal Justice Training Center, 2007-2013). The program requires that the prospective students be physically and psychologically fit. These are proved through a health examination. The applicants should also have a clean criminal background. There are a number of evaluation models and approaches that can be used to analyze the effects of this program. Some of the variables that can be put under consideration is the manner in which the police carry out their daily activities, how they manage crisis, how they handle law breakers and their readiness and preparedness to acts of crime and violence. Behavioral approach is one of them, and this focuses on the objectives, whether they have been achieved or not. The main objectives of the program, as stated earlier are to develop professional skills in handling issues concerning crime and justice. This evaluation can be done by observing the changes in the behavior of the recruits during training, and after training. This information can be obtained from the reports written by the

The homework Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The homework Debate - Essay Example The article surveys the negative and positive aspects of homework. Sharryn Brownlee quotes that a punitive or tedious approach to homework limits the appropriateness of homework. The paramount reason not to subject those children to homework is that they require sufficient time to relax and take their thoughts of the classroom environment (Lindner, 2005, pp.67-76). The burden of having to complete homework every single night is quite overwhelming for most children. Consequently, they need adequate time to refresh their minds and bodies. In addition, homework tends to condense the available amount of time that children could be spending with their relatives. Kathy Walker, an early childhood expert, maintains that the superlative assignment in early years of school is having family time (Walker, 2007, pp.97-106). Walker further argues that playing together, enjoying books and talking together is better than piled up homework. Walker suggests that Family time is explicitly imperative to a growing child (Walker, 2007 pp.102-107). Absence or limited interaction with one’s family may lead to social problems that may eventually crop up. As a result, inadequate family time spending compromises the family unity. Thirdly, homework can source conflict and misunderstandings between students, teachers and parents. According to Kidwell 2004, disagreements may arise when students fail to do their homework and hence to bring about strains in families (pp.126- 134). Alfie Kohn upholds that homework is total agony and no gain (Kohn, 2007 pp.123-129). In his manuscript The Homework Myth, Kohn contends that no study has invariably found an association between homework and academic accomplishment in school. Kohn asserts that there is a minute reason to believe that homework is essential in high school. Kohn maintains that homework may reduce interest in learning. According to Jongsma 2011, a lot of homework can inspire cheating because children end up copying one another

Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis Term Paper

Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis - Term Paper Example wa + wb + wc = 1. E(rp) = waE(ra) + wbE(rb) + wcE(rc ) 0.6(-0.2) + 0.3(0.1) + 0.1(0.04) = -0.086 Hence the strategy before the 2007 economic crisis would have realised an expected return of -8.6% on investment. The strategy adopted from 2007 onwards in the light of the crisis would realise: E(rp) = waE(ra) + wbE(rb) + wcE(rc ) 0.4(-0.2) + 0.4(0.1) + 0.2 (0.04) = -0.032 The strategy adopted after 2007 would realise an expected return of -3.2% on investment. As a result, the benefit of the strategy adopted from 2007 would be a reduced lose of 5.4% II. Advisability of investing more funds in UK equities. With the managers of the funds thinking of investing more funds into equity in the market, it is important for the managers to analyse the UK equities in a risk-return relationship. Hence when analysing the risk premium of the equity with the rest of the asset class, the return differential will be attributed to the difference in the risk associated with equity as opposed to bonds. The equity line will be normally "shakier" than the bond line. As evident from the data provided, Wealth invested in equity for the past 20 years has been more volatile than wealth invested in bonds (the UK equity having a risk of 16% as compared to 5% for bonds and cash for 0.3% in derivatives). Despite the higher return, the risks were higher as well. The fund’s managers should care about the riskiness of any investment especially in a volatile market. As a result, they should also be willing to trade a lower rate of investment return for "insurance" that their principal will be secure. This is called risk-aversion -- and all things being equal, most investors would prefer less risk to more. At the same time, when analysing the Standard Deviation as a measure of risk, the UK equity returns are riskier and more volatile. Even with the future projections of 8% returns per annum, the projected risk is projected to be at 18% for UK equity and 19% for overseas equity respectively an d at the same time, their correlation is very high at 0.8% between the UK and overseas equity making diversification not an option since it will not create any positive benefits of diversification. Due to the fact that the fund’s managers will be holding different portfolios, it would be important for them to use other statistical and non statistical data to be able to make informed decisions like the beta in respect to the market, fundamental ratios such as Book to Market Ratio and Earnings Price Ratio. III. Advantage of investing in the funds in international equities rather than UK equities. Due to the fact that stock market investing is risky, in the wake of the financial crisis, it is recommended for the fund’s managers to hold a well-diversified portfolio (including international diversification) to reduce risk as supported by the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT). The fund’s manager, after analysing international mar ket correlations in relation to the returns of various national markets due to difference in levels of economic growth and timings of business cycles, would allocate investments among these markets as a means of rebalancing their portfolios and reducing risks in favor of foreign equities (Rezayat and Yavas 440-458). In analysing the data provided, international equity portfolio diversification would be recommended based on the existence of low correlations among national stock markets and

Actively Engage in Evaluation of Own Performance Essay - 1

Actively Engage in Evaluation of Own Performance - Essay Example The reporter declares that "the overall experience, according to me, was good as I realized my mistakes and got a chance to overcome my weaknesses. It is nice to have a person who was there to guide me about the shortcomings and show me the path to improvement. The path that my teacher suggested was free writing classes at Humber. The information about your weaknesses helps you improve and eliminate them. I have experienced it when my teacher my teacher gave me feedback that my writing skills need improvements and I took immediate steps to improve my writing skills. I also actively engage in evaluation of my own performance and it helps me in the identification of personal strengths and areas of growth and development. According to the article Thematic analysis of written assignment feedback: Implications for nurse education ,†Feedback is now accepted as a key factor affecting learning and, in educational settings, the term feedback is used in the context of assessments, where its main function is to provide information about students current performance as well as constructive comments that enhances future earning†. So, it is very important to measure your performance and evaluate the areas that require improvement. Description: In this week’s group meeting we created a project named logic model for community outreach project. In the Project logic model, we discussed all the steps that are part of our final project."

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Economics - Essay Example Marshallian utility analysis is based on the assumption that utility is measurable and indifference curve analysis is based on the assumption that the consumer is able to tell his preferences among the various alternative combinations of the two commodities. These assumptions seem to be unrealistic and revealed preference theory is free from these unrealistic assumptions and it seeks to enunciate the demand from observed market behaviour of the consumer. The theory is based on the fact that ‘choice reveals preference’. 2. Critical Analysis of the Neo Classical consumption theories of Marshallian Utility analysis and Hicksian Indifference analysis 1) Unrealistic The Marshallian assumption of cardinal measurement of utility is very restrictive. It demands too much from the human mind. Utility is a mental phenomenon and the precision in the measurement of utility assumed by Marshall is unrealistic. It is criticised that new theory of indifference analysis only jumps from th e frying pan of the difficulty of measuring utility into the fire of the unreality of assuming consumer’s complete knowledge of all his scales of preferences or indifference map. The indifference curve technique envisages a consumer who thinks of innumerable possible combinations of goods and his relative preferences for them. 2) Absurd Indifference curves include even the most ridiculous combinations which may be far removed from a consumer’s habitual combinations. For example, while it may be perfectly sensible to compare whether three pairs of shoes and six shirts would give him as much satisfaction as two pairs of shoes and seven shirts. 3) Introspective Both the approaches of Marshallian Utility analysis and indiffence curve technique are based on the psychological or introspective method. The law of diminishing marginal utility, which is psychological in nature lies at the bottom of law of demand. Indifference curve too is based on introspection. This technique i s criticised as introspective and hence Samuelson introduced behaviourist method of devising demand theory. 4) Relation of Transitivity objected Armstrong has criticised the relation of transitivity involved in indifference curve technique. According to him, the consumer’s indifference arises from his inability to perceive the difference between alternative combinations of goods. This is due to the fact that the difference is too slight to be noticed. If that is true, the relation of indifference become non-trasitive. This knocks the bottom out of the whole system of indifference curve analysis. 5) Limited empirical Nature In Hicks-Allen theory, indifference curves are based on hypothetical experimentation. They are based on imaginary indifference curves, although attempts have been made recently to derive them experimentally. 4. Revealed Preference Theory The theory of Revealed Preference is associated with the name of Paul Samuelson and the theory is called the behaviourist ordinal utility theory. Instead of the unrealistic assumptions that the consumers operate with a complete and consistent scales of preferences set out in the form of indifference curves, most economists now prefer to analyse situations in which their hypothesis can be tested. Both

South west region cuisine (Arizona, Utah, Texas etc) Essay

South west region cuisine (Arizona, Utah, Texas etc) - Essay Example The American historical regional cuisine is still very much alive today, and it is what differentiates different regions. The South West region is characterized by rustic cooking, comprising of a fusion of various ingredients and diets that could have been eaten by the native Mexicans and the colonial settlers from Spain (Olver, 2014). Therefore, the characteristic cuisine of the South west region is the Mexican food, mainly characterized by the use of large chunks of meats, with beans as the accompaniments and chili pepper as the main spice (White, 1993). Thus, the combination of the large chunks of meat, beans and chili pepper making a thick soup, serves as a characteristic South west region cuisine, which is very popular even nationally and abroad. Nevertheless, even within the South west region, the preferred cuisines do vary, with the regions of Utah, New Mexico and Colorado being popular for the New Mexican cuisine, which is basically the Chili soup, while Texas has a fusion of the New Mexican cuisine with its own ingredients, to form the cuisine referred to as Tex-Mex while Arizona has its own p opular cuisine referred as Sonoran (Olver, 2014). The Tex-Mex is unique, notably because of the use of Sour cream, which is a basic ingredient used both as an ingredient in cooking and as a cooling garnish. Therefore, the Tex-Mex cuisine comprises of the large amount of meat, cumin, cheese and the characteristic sour cream (Detterick-Pineda, 2004). The Tex-Mex is a fusion cuisine from different regions, which has combined the characteristic large chunks of meat with cheese and the sour cream being a German influence, to deliver a unique cuisine to the State, which continues to evolve even to date. On the other hand, the Cali-Mex is a cuisine popular in the South west region coastal State of California (White, 1993). The state is one bordering Mexico, and

Hotel Rwanda - The Rwandan Genocide Essay Example for Free

Hotel Rwanda The Rwandan Genocide Essay Hotel Rwanda is a film about the genocide that transpired within the premises of the city of Kigali, the heart of Rwanda during the year 1994. This evil act lasted for 100 days killing thousands of innocent lives of Rwandan men, women and children. But in the film, it did not focus on the genocide. Instead, it shed a light on the heroic and courageous deed of one ordinary man in an effort to save the lives of some of his countrymen. In the movie, almost all of the aspects of the genocide were tackled including the powerlessness of the United Nations to put a stop to the violent killings perpetrated by the Rwandan government and the Hutu rebels against the Tutsis. This was very much evident when the character of Dan Cheadle was promised by the UN Colonel that he, his family and all the refugees at the Milles Collines will be rescued. But when the colonel had a talk with another UN officer, the plan seemed to have changed. The colonel explained that only foreign nationals were allowed to leave Rwanda. Only a small number of troops were instructed to uphold peacekeeping and not peacemaking meaning they were not allowed to shoot at anyone even if they commit violent actions. More so, the minimal involvement of the international organizations and their eventual negligence over the escalating killings in Rwanda played a pivotal role in the increased deaths of thousands of people. Instead of helping the Tutsis to take refuge to a safer place in neighboring countries, these organizations decided not to get involve because of the misconception that nothing can restore the peace and order in an anarchic setting. Moreover in the movie, a Red Cross worker drew some attention because of how she showed her bravery by setting aside her fears and her own welfare just to save a few people from being mercilessly killed by the Hutus. Some aid workers decided to stay in order to help while others chose to flee in order to protect their welfare. Overall, the movie generated an accurate depiction of the Rwandan genocide. However, some controversial issues were downplayed like the role of the French in the uprising and arming of the Hutu rebels. After the genocide, some reports have surfaced that implicated a few French politicians and the French military with this tragic incident. According to the results of the findings of an â€Å"Independent Rwandan Commission,† the French government was â€Å"aware of preparations for the genocide and helped train the ethnic Hutu militia perpetrators. The report included that France provided the Hutus with â€Å"political, military, diplomatic and logistical support. † For almost 2 years, the commission had gathered data and interviewed several survivors. All the information that had been obtained, served as testimonies to the participation of the French government in the killing of almost 800,000 civilians in the span of 100 days (BBC, 2008). But the French vehemently refu ted the accusations. In their defense, they stated that the allegations were biased because the commission has only one thing in mind and that is to prove that the French are guilty. The â€Å"French Foreign Ministry said â€Å"there is no surprise in the conclusions of the commission given its mission† (CNN, 2008). Aside from this, the film also failed to include the admission of the United Nations of its failure to prevent the genocide. But for the UN, this became a learning experience. They realized that people should not be neglected specifically in times of dire need when lives are at stake (BBC, 2000). Given this new angle in the Rwandan genocide, it should have been also portrayed in the movie. This would have given viewers more accurate representation of what really happened in Rwanda in April 1994. Also, this would have been a chance for the whole world to determine who the real culprits were in one of the worst humanitarian crisis of the 20th century. More so, these events could have provided a comprehensive outlook on how humans are capable of doing horrendous and brutal acts just to have power and control.

Protective Role of Isolated Rat Hepatocytes Against CCL4

Protective Role of Isolated Rat Hepatocytes Against CCL4 DISCUSSION CCl4, Paracetamol and Anti-tubercular drugs cause ROS mediated cellular damage especially in liver, the site of metabolism of these drugs. During the regular physiological functioning the cells/tissues/organs use oxygen and various nutrients to generate energy. The free radicals are also generated in this process as the reaction intermediates. These free radicals may be very useful because they may promote beneficial oxidative processes. However the higher quantities of such radicals like superoxide anion (O2à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·), NOà ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · radical, and hydroxyl ion radical (à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·OH), NOOà ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ·, etc. may interact with the membrane lipids leading to lipid peroxidation and attack the DNA resulting DNA strand breaks. The lipid peroxidation also damage cell membrane resulting in the leakage of enzymes into the blood stream. Therefore the elevated biochemical levels are treated as biochemical markers of tissue damage. In addition the extent of lipid peroxidation is d irectly proportional to the tissue damage [Devasagayam et al., 2003]. There are certain inbuilt protective mechanisms, tissue enzymes GSH, SOD, CAT etc. which are involved in the process of combating free radical induced tissue damage. Over powering the inbuilt protective mechanism due to excessive generation of free radicals may lead to destruction of the tissues/organs [Tiwari, 2001]. Antioxidants are the chemical constituents, which are used for inhibiting the tissue damage by countering the free radicals; most of the antioxidants available in the markets are from natural origin e.g. vit-E, vit-C, tocopherol, quercetine, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢-carotene etc. In addition there are reports that polyphenolic compounds like flavonoids, tannins are useful as antioxidants and organ protectants. Therefore many researchers are attempting to screen the herbs and herbal preparations containing polyphenolic compounds for organ protective properties. Mruthunjaya, 2008 in his study reported the presence of very high amount of polyphenols and gallic acid, a well known potent antioxidant [Gow- chin et al, 2002] as an important constituent of the roots of a widely grown plant L. inermis. He also reported the antioxidant and in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of L. inermis root extract against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. So in the present study L.inermis was selected f or investigating the in vivo and in vitro hepatoprotective activity against drugs induced hepatotoxicity. Before screening the test extract for in vivo hepatoprotective activity the extract was subjected to the acute toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines 425 (limit test). The LIALC was found safe up to 2000 mg/kg as evident by the absence of mortality in the treated group. Hence, 1/10th (200 mg/kg) and 1/7th (300 mg/kg) of the safe dose were selected for the in vivo study. In vitro hepatoprotective Screening In the present study, isolated rat hepatocytes were used. The objective of this study was to confirm the protective role of test extracts against CCl4 induced hepatocytes damage. The CCl4 metabolized in (liver) endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with the formation of CCl3O (unstable complex radical), by CYT P-450. The nascent oxygen O resulted via lipoperoxidation causes rise in intracellular reactive Fe2+ ions, aldehyde and depletion of GSH, and calcium sequestration. Oxidative CCl3O, also by direct covalent interaction induces degeneration in Ca2+ sequestration. Failure into sequestration result in increased intercellular Ca2+, aggregation by proteolytic enzymes and cause an increase in Fe2+ ions, which in turn by lipid peroxidation precipitates aldehyde cytotoxicity [Zimmerman Hayman, 1976, Agarwal et. al., 1983]. Due to this membrane integrity is lost ultimately leading to necrosis. The loss of membrane integrity can be measured by Trypan blue exclusion assay in which the viable cells exclude the dye whereas dead cell take up the dye owing to the alteration in membrane permeability. Due to loss of membrane integrity cytosolic enzymes are leaked into media and the measurement of these cytoplasmic enzymes in the media serves as ideal markers for evaluating the extent of hepatocyte injury and protection offered by extracts. From the results it was apparent that both LIALC and LIAQ protect the hepatocytes against CCl4 damage as evident by the reversal of cell death and inhibition leakage of cytosolic enzymes. As discussed earlier this strong hepatoprotective activity of LIALC might be due presence of polyphenols and gallic acid which are potent free radical scavenging agents and antioxidants [Gow- chin et al, 2002] In vivo hepatoprotective activity Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug and is safe when used in therapeutic doses. However over dosage of Paracetamol is known to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in man and in experimental animals [Parmar et al., 1995]. Paracetamol is a direct hepatotoxin i.e. intoxication is dose dependent and reproducible [Tygstrup et al., 1996]. Exposure of animals to higher doses produces centrilobular or massive hepatic necrosis followed by congestion and failure. The hepatic necrosis is associated with damage to sub cellular organelle including mitochondria. Thus the drug is used as a typical hepatotoxin to produce hepatic failure experimentally [Sing et al., 1999]. At lower doses, about 80% of ingested Paracetamol is eliminated mainly as sulfate and glucoronide conjugates before oxidation and only 5% is oxidized by hepatic CYT P450(CYP2E1) to a highly reactive and toxic electrophile i.e. N-acetyl-p-benzoquineimine (NAPQI). After over dosage of Paracetamol the glucoronidation and sulfation routes become saturated and as a consequence, Paracetamol is increasingly metabolized into NAPQI [Remirez et al., 1995]. Semiquinone radical, one-electron reduction metabolite of NAPQI mediates the cytotoxic effects of NAPQI. Production of these toxic semiquinone radicals is catalyzed by the microsomal CYT P450 reductase. These semiquinone radicals, in turn, can bind directly with cellular macromolecules to produce toxicity or alternatively, the radical can be reoxidized back to their original quinones by donating one electron to molecular oxygen under aerobic conditions. This donation of one electron then generates reduced oxygen radical species and hydroxyl radical. Both semiquinone and oxygen radical are known to be responsible for cytotoxic effects observed with quinones. Also NAPQI is detoxified by glutathione (GSH) to form 3-(GSH-S-yl) acetaminophen. Paracetamol overdose saturates the nontoxic metabolic pathway, i.e. sulfation, glucuronidation, and detoxification of NAPQI by glutathione. The reactive NAPQI may oxidize and arylate cysteinyl thiol group, forming adducts which inhibit the function of cellular proteins. Adducts formation has been demonstrated for a selenium-binding protein, for microsomal subunit of glutamine. Other mechanism, such as oxidation of pyridine nucleotides and lipid peroxidation, may contribute to cell damage by Paracetamol overdose [Tygstrup et al., 1996]. Nevertheless at high doses of Paracetamol, NAPQI can alkylate and oxidize intracellular GSH and protein thiol group, which result in the liver GSH pool depletion and the reactive intermediate reacts with other nucleophilic centers of vital molecules in liver cells leading subsequently to hepatotoxicity. In addition Paracetamol is also shown to directly inhibit cellular proliferation, induce oxidative stress, resulting in lipid peroxidation, deplete ATP levels and alter Ca++ homeostasis; all of these changes are considered potentially fatal to the cell [Sing,. 1999 and Remirez et al., 1995]. Anti-tuberculosis drugs act as inducers of hepatic CYT P450 enzymes. For example, Rifampicin is a potent inducer of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, and Isoniazid induces CYP2E1 [Trevor, 2004 and Vuilleumier et al., 2006]. The induction of CYT P450 enzymes is known to take part in increased drug disposition and development of multi-drug resistance. Xenobiotics, including anti-tubercular drugs, undergo biotransformation in the liver catalyzed by microsomal enzyme systems [Bradford, 2005; Dai et al., 1995and Jeong, 1995]. Because of above reasons, Paracetamol and anti-tubercular drugs cause ROS mediated hepatotoxicity and elevate serum enzymes levels like SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH and Bilirubin content in animals following administration of anti-tubercular drugs or toxic dose of Paracetamol. Also these drugs cause depletion of endogenous antioxidant enzymes like GSH, SOD, CAT etc and abnormal levels of lipid peroxidation products.The results obtained in the present are in accordance with understanding as discussed above. i.e the serum enzymes levels like SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH and Bilirubin contents were significantly increased, GSH, SOD, CAT levels in liver depleted and abnormal levels of lipid peroxidation was observed in Paracetamol and anti-tubercular drugs treated animals. Estimation of serum enzymes SGPT is a cytosolic enzyme primarily present in the liver. The level of SGPT in serum increases due to leakage of this cellular enzyme into plasma by hepatic injury [Chenoweth Hake, 1962]. Serum levels of SGPT can increase due to damage of the tissues producing acute hepatic necrosis, such as viral hepatitis and acute cholestasis. Alcoholic liver damage and cirrhosis also can associate with mild to moderate elevation of transaminase [Harsh Mohan, 2002]. SGOT is a mitochondrial enzyme released from heart, liver, skeletal muscle and kidney. Liver toxicity elevated the SGOT level in serum due to the damage to the tissues producing acute necrosis, such as severe viral hepatitis acute cholestasis. Alcoholic liver damage and cirrhosis can also associate with mild to moderate elevation of transaminases [Harsh Mohan, 2002]. In case of toxic liver, ALP levels are very high, which may be due to defective hepatic excretion or by increased production of ALP by hepatic parenchymal or duct cells [Harsh Mohan, 2002]. LIALC reversed these enzyme levels indicating stabilization of cell membrane by preventing the damage due to free radicals generated by Paracetamol and anti-tubercular drugs. Estimation of bilirubin: In case of toxic liver, bilirubin levels are elevated. Hyperbilirubinemia can result from impaired hepatic uptake of unconjugated bilirubin. Such a situation can occur in generalized liver cell injury. Certain drugs (e.g., Rifampin and Probenecid) interfere with the net uptake of bilirubin by the liver cell and may produce a mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia [Rubin, 1995]. Bilirubin level rises in diseases of hepatocytes, obstruction to biliary excretion into duodenum, in haemolysis and defects of hepatic uptake and conjugation of bilirubin pigment such as in Gilbert’s disease [Harsh mohan, 2002]. Significant reversal of elevated bilirubin level in Paracetamol and anti-tubercular drug treated animals by LIALC indicated the strong hepatoprotective activity of LIALC. Estimation of Protein A reduction in total serum protein observed in the Paracetamol and anti-tubercular treated control rats may be associated with the decrease in the number of hepatocytes which in turn might result in decreased hepatic capacity to synthesize protein. But, when the LIALC was administered along with Paracetamol or anti-tubercular drugs a significant increase in protein content was observed indicating the hepatoprotection of LIALC. Estimation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation Cells have a number of mechanisms to protect themselves from the toxic effects of the ROS. SOD removes superoxide (O2) by converting it to H2O2, which can be rapidly converted to water by CAT and Glutathione peroxidase. In addition, a large reserve of reduced glutathione is present in hepatocytes and red blood cells for detoxification of xenobiotics or free radicals. However, oxidative stress results in toxicity when the rate of which the ROS are generated exceeds the cell capacity for their removal. Lipid peroxidation is an autocatalytic process, which is a common consequence of cell death. This process may cause peroxidative tissue damage in inflammation, cancer and toxicity of xenobiotics and aging. MDA is one of the end products in the lipid peroxidation process. In order to elucidate the protection mechanism of LIALC in Paracetamol and anti- tubercular Drugs induced rat liver, lipid peroxide levels and anti-oxidative enzymes activities were analyzed. GSH is widely distributed in cells. GSH is an intracellular reductant and plays a major role in catalysis, metabolism and transport. It protects cells against free radicals, peroxides and other toxic compounds. GSH is a naturally occurring substance that is abundant in many living creatures. It is well known that a deficiency of GSH within living organisms can lead to tissue disorders and injury. For example, liver injury included by consuming alcohol or by taking drugs like Paracetamol, lung injury by smoking and muscle injury by intense physical activity, all are known to be correlated with low tissue level of GSH. The SOD converts super-oxide radicals (O2_) into H2O2 plus O2, thus participating in the enzymatic defense against oxygen toxicity. In this study, SOD plays an important role in the elimination of ROS derived from the peroxidative process of xenobiotics in liver tissues. CAT is the key component of the anti-oxidant defense system .Inhibition of this protective mechanisms result in enhanced sensitivity to free radical induced cellular damage. Administration of LIALC increased the activity of catalase in Paracetamol and anti-tubercular drug induced liver damage to prevent the accumulation of excessive free radicals and thus exhibited protection against Paracetamol and anti-tubercular drug. The observed increase of SOD, CAT and GSH activity in liver suggests that the LIALC extract have an efficient protective mechanism in response to ROS. And also, these findings indicate that LIALC may be associated with decreased oxidative stress and free radical mediated tissue damage. In our study, elevation in the levels of end products of lipid peroxidation in liver of rat treated with Paracetamol and anti- tubercular drugs were observed. The increase in MDA level in liver suggests enhanced lipid peroxidation leading to tissue damage and failure of anti-oxidant defense mechanism to prevent formation of excessive free radicals. Treatment with LIALC significantly reversed these changes. Hence it may be possible that the mechanism of hepatoprotection of LIALC is due to its antioxidant effect. Dept of pharmacology, P.R.R.M college of pharmacy,kadapaPage 1

Planned Preventative Maintenance Essay

Planned Preventative Maintenance Essay Assessing the implementation of a Planned Preventative Maintenance Programme for Strategic Estate Planning. In order to understand the implementation of a planned preventative maintenance programme for estate planning, one will first need to understand the practice of condition surveys and the meaning attached to the concept. The Audit Commission (1988), with regard to condition surveys have been critical of most local authority practice in the UK of estimating maintenance expenditure by simply taking a notional percentage of the property value, and urge the use of proper condition surveys to derive more accurate estimates of maintenance expenditure. Condition surveys should, however be commissioned for more than just budgeting purposes, as they have a wider application in the managing of building condition, Bargh (1987). A major obstacle to carrying out the first comprehensive survey is the expense. On a national scale the UK building stock possesses very poor condition records and this represents a massive impediment to developing good maintenance management practices. Some progress has been made in recent years, particularly with respect to local authority buildings, where the prompting of the Audit Commission has had some effect. Within the private sector in the UK, there is still a startling reluctance amongst property managers to commit funding and commission detailed condition surveys of their buildings, Sahai (1987). Within the public sector as well condition surveys now being carried out are strictly limited in their scope. In many cases they are carried out for very specific purposes, usually related to financial management, rather than as part of a professional approach to managing building condition, Colston (1987).Condition surveys also include, building surveys, manual surveys, optical m ark surveys, bar-code reader, hand-held computer, and reports. These are all used to carry out condition surveys. With this in mind one can now talk about the use of this concept in a planned preventative maintenance programme for strategic estate planning. The process of planning for maintenance work has much in common with the planning of any construction activity. Therefore the basic principles of planning should be firmly understood before considering maintenance planning specifically. As the nature of the product or activity becomes more complex a point is reached where it becomes necessary to commit some, or all, of this plan to paper and a formal programme is produced, Sahai(1987). At a simple level this may only involve writing dates into a diary whilst, at a more advanced level, the use of a powerful computer based management technique may be necessary. Planning as an intellectual process permeates all activities in one form or another, always with some objective in mind, whether or not this is overtly stated. The clear identification of objectives is an essential prerequisite of the whole process, but particularly prior to the committal of a plan to the formal programming process. In the construction industry, planning has all too often been afforded insufficient credence. In many cases this is because not enough attention is given to the purposes for which a plan is required, leading to a failure to produce programmes that are consistent with the planning objectives, Tavistock Institute (1966). This tends either to bring the planning process into disrepute, or to the setting up of an intensely bureaucratic management regime. Now, there are a number of aspects of maintenance that require planning, which may not necessarily be part of a formal planned maintenance programme. For example, it may have been decided to institute a programme of planned inspections to verify that statutory requirements are being fulfilled, or considered prudent to operate a planned replacement policy, as part of a preventive maintenance programme, Chanter and Swallow (2005). This may operate separately from an on-going planned maintenance programme. Within any maintenance organisation there will be planned and unplanned work. The balance between the two will vary, depending on the nature of the organisation and its attitude to building maintenance. A low level of planned maintenance in an organisation does not necessarily reflect a poor attitude, as it may be appropriate for the given situation. It is quite possible to envisage a scenario where the introduction of a sophisticated planned system is not justifiable. For example, the owner of an estate consisting of one relatively simple building may choose to carry out all maintenance on demand, and plan only relatively obvious items, such as a redecoration every four years. The latter mentioned may be carried out on an ad-hoc basis. This closely mirrors the approach of the owner/occupier of a dwelling house, and is an inevitable consequence of work which is characterised by a large number of relatively small, low level operations and a small number of larger ones, Gibson (1979). The latter are more likely to be foreseeable ones, and hence planned for. They are likely to fall into two categories, namely, . A regular on-going requirement to perform certain operations, such as decoration. These tasks will tend to be cyclical in nature and, in theory at least, quite conveniently form part of a rolling programme. . Major renewal or repair projects which, from time-to-time become necessary. For example, there may be a programme instituted by a housing association to replace all flat roof coverings over a fixed time period. Some of these larger exercises fall into the category of what may be termed preventive maintenance, and need to have been subjected to a rigorous decision making process, Lees and Wordsworth (2001). For example, a decision to replace flat roof coverings ahead of failure is a preventive measure. In reaching this decision, account would have been taken of the disruption and possible consequential damage of not replacing until failure had occurred. In addition to this the aims of planned maintenance programmes with regard to estate planning are extremely diverse and, hence, many types of programmes will be encountered. The applications of the basic principles of planning are of paramount importance to estate planning, Chanter and Swallow (2005). In particular, it is essential to define the objectives of maintenance plans very accurately at the outset, to ensure their relevance, and to enable them to be realistically formulated. These objectives may include all or a combination of the following: . To help ensure that major defects are rectified and that the building fabric is maintained to a defined acceptable, safe and legally correct, standard. . To sustain the building condition at an acceptable level and prevent undue deterioration of the building fabric and services by preventive means. . To preserve the utility of the estate as an asset, and maintain its value . To maintain the engineering and utility services in an optimum condition to safeguard the environmental conditions of the building, and hence its productive capacity. . By effective planning, to ensure that maintenance is conducted, over a number of years, in a sensible sequence which reflects a careful consideration of priorities. . By proper planning, to ensure that maintenance operations are carried out in the most effective way to ensure that best value for money is being obtained and the best use is being made of scare resources. . To provide a tool for financial management, in particular budgetary control, and to assist maintenance managers in bidding for financial resources. . As part of a broader facilities management scenario, to assist management to relate programmed repairs and maintenance to other demands and alternatives, such as refurbishment, redevelopment or changes in leasing policy. The characteristics of maintenance work make accurate and comprehensive long-term predictions rather difficult. It is therefore necessary to define carefully what is realistically possible, and have an explicit recognition of levels of uncertainty. Because of this all programmes will need to have built into them some flexibility to permit modification if necessary and up-dating in order to ensure their continuing relevance. CONCLUSION It will be worthwhile to conclude that although the relevance of condition surveys to the implementation of planned preventative maintenance programmes for strategic estate planning enables an efficient allocation of scare resources such as funds and management expertise through periodic inspections of a property portfolio; its practice in scope within the UK is rather limited. Hence, authorities such as the audit commission should promote and ensure that condition surveys are carried out at the beginning of an estate management plan in which an adherence should be complied to, so that resources with regard to property portfolio are used efficiently, rather than wasted.

Ironic Cycles :: essays research papers

Ironic Cycles In The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway uses irony and symbolism to illustrate how a group of Americans and English expatriates lived life. They try to forget the war and restore a sense of meaning to their lives, which he would have liked to do. Hemingway’s attitudes are expressed in the book, including his idea of, â€Å"emphasize the optimistic idea of progress of life’s cycle.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Hemingway was growing up, he would perfect his fishing during his family’s summer vacations to Horton’s Bay. Right up until he decided to enlist in the army, his passion was fishing. The fishing trip in the book demonstrates that Jake can find happiness in the sun, without Brett. Spending time with two men that know the woman he loves makes him realize he is better off without Brett.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jake seems to be the â€Å"mature, stabilizing friend to all,† but his own life is in a mess. Hemingway shared the same characteristics. When he was rejected from the army because of his bad eyesight, he still wanted some adventure in his life. So he decided to be an ambulance driver for the Red Cross. After he was wounded, he helped another injured man find his way to a trench and out of harm. He put other people’s problems ahead of his own, just as his character, Jake, does. Jake symbolizes the steers being put into the ring to calm the bulls. He is put into the rowdy group to help them maintain some order. His true emotions do not show through much. This is one of Jake’s flaws, along with his impotence. As Hemingway was wounded in war, he portrays this in Jake’s character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hemingway joined the â€Å"Lost Generation† crowd during his hardships. During these years people spent time aimlessly walking around. They didn’t think there was a purpose to their lives. In the book, the characters wandered together through an â€Å"endless, drunken procession of parties, cafes, and sexual affairs,† in a desperate search for meaning to their lives. Some of the story Jake tells the reader lies between the lines in the book, possibly symbolizing the absence of meaning in the characters’ lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The war constantly haunts the characters throughout the book. The effects of war are evident in their alcoholism and their unconscious cruelty to each other. It is the war and its effects they are running away from with their continuous drinking.

Essay --

Philo claims that it is inconceivable that the planet was made by a being both omnipotent and omnibenevolent. That God is the maker and He is wholly moral, he can't be answerable for the presence of evil in the planet. Evil, indeed, does not exist as an unrelated substance: it is noticeably a nonappearance of great similarly as difficulty seeing is the nonattendance of sight. This unlucky deficiency emerges through the activities of people who hold unrestrained choice. The God of Christian belief in higher powers might be guarded against the above charge in light of the fact that people must have free will in mind to be human. For this opportunity to exist there must additionally exist the likelihood of malevolence. To anticipate that God will make free creatures and at the same time forestall them from settling on indecent decisions is a coherent incomprehensibility. The facts may prove that God's transcendence does not permit him to do the sensibly incomprehensible. He can't make 1 +1=3; he can't create a rock that He is not able to lift; correspondingly, he can't give an individual unrestrained choice and settle on choices for them in the meantime. Accordingly, the greater good of human freedom is a product of God's benevolence and the evil that exists is a consequence of humans making poor use of that freedom.. This barrier determines the coherent issue of underhanded by permitting God to be both omnipotent and omnibenevolent. This resistance likewise places the fault of wickedness and enduring at the hands of people. Nonetheless, the inquiry still stays concerning if God was fit to make the universe without the likelihood of pain and agony. God could have made free creatures that chose not to cause suffering upon themselves or... ...ent and omnipotent in spite of the vicinity of evil for two explanations. Firstly, God is omnibenevolent and omnipotent on the grounds that God is endless and can't be restricted by good or evil. The second explanation, is that in spite of the vicinity of evil on the planet, is that evil is made in place for a more excellent exceptional which man can yearn for. Overall, I suppose it is conceivable that God is both omnibenevolent and omnipotent, which might be said by people themselves as an immediate result of freedom. The issue of evil can additionally be replied through the way that God permits this to happen with the goal that people endure so as to achieve the greatest good that is everlasting life. God is still omnibenevolent in such a case, as He is giving people the likelihood of everlasting life once they have beat the enduring that is held inside the world.

Love in Romeo and Juliet

Essay topic: how love is treated in one of the plays (Romeo and Juliet) – Not sure if maybe the order of characters should be changed around ? – Ex putting room and Juliet’s part first. William Shakespeare has written many brilliant pays over his literary career. One of his most famous love stories of all time although is Romeo and Juliet. Naturally love is the plays most dominate theme. Throughout the play love is treated and seen very differently by the various characters of the play. Romeo and Juliet are seen as young adolescents who do not understand or know what true love is, but are very passionate. Capulet see’s his daughters love as being something that he can control, and is only concerned with honoring the Capulet blood line and economic advancement of the Capulet family. The nurse is seen as being nieave in her parenting as well as guidance and at times appears to be pimp like. While Mercutio believes that Romeo is simply just Horney and not in fact in love. Do Romeo and Juliet really experiencing love or is it just an infatuation and an erge to have sex. Are two people so young able to comprehend what love really is and means at such as very young age. I don’t believe they could and with the misguidance and surrounding views of love this play has turned from a comedy to a tragedy. Capulet: as we look at the role of love from Capulet’s view we see a very dominate and controlling figure over his daughters love. Like lady Capulet Juliet’s father dose not play a big part in Juliet’s every day life, but in relations to his daughters love he is a very big factor. Capulet portrays the love and marriage of his daughter as something that he will be decided by him. Although when discussing marriage with Paris at the beginning of the play he realizes that Juliet is young and needs more time to develop, portrayed in the quote â€Å" My child is yet a stranger in the world, She hath not seen the change of fourteen years; Let two more summers wither in their pride Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. † When Paris purposes to marry Juliet, her father points out that she is young and is not even fourteen years. He hastily demands that Juliet marry Paris after Tybalts death. This marriage to Paris is something that Juliet did not want from the start but was put upon her from the start of the play. Capulet is infact looking out for his daughters best interest but dose not stop to think of what Juliet wants or discuss the matter with her. When Juliet defies her fathers wishes, Capulets true feeling on her love and Marriage are revealed. In the quote â€Å" Thank me no thankings, nor proud me no prouds, But fettle your fine joints ‘gainst Thursday next To go with Paris to Saint Peter’s Church Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither. Out , you greensickness carrion! Out , you baggage! You tallow –face. † ACT 3. 5 lines 153-158 it is made clear that he will make the final decision in her daughters marriage and although she dose not want to marry Paris it will happen on the next Thursday weither she likes it of not. The father is more concerned with status level of her suiter and the honor of his blood line then the wishes of his daughter and In the end of the play we see that with a little understanding on the part of Capulet the dramatic double suicide concluding the play, maybe could have been avoided. The Nurse; the nurse plays a very important role in relations to love in romeo and Juliet. As we can tell at the beginning of the play Juliet’s fraternal mother lady Capulet is not portrayed as any more than just that fraternal. The true loving relationship between mother and daughter is played by the nurse and Juliet. The Nurse has been with the Capulet family for at least fourteen years,or since Juliet was born. We are told that The Nurse had had a daughter but tragically it did not make it through child birth. The nurse also was juliets wet nurse and the mother daughter bond has been very stong sine then. In this quote â€Å"this is the matter-nurse, give leave awhile, We must talk in secret. Nurse, come back again; I have remembered me, thou’s hear our counsel. Thou knowest my daughter’s of a pretty age† ACT 1. 3 line 7-10 . Lady Capulet involves the Nurse in her discussion with Juliet about her possible marriage to Paris. It is extremely evident that lady Capulet dose not feel comfortable with her daughter alone and it is shown through out the play that they not spend very much time together while Juliet and the nurse do. Although the nurse and Juliet’s love for each other is very strong there is another more important factor in terms of Juliet’s love for a man and the guidance the nurse gives her in picking a match for marriage. When Romeo and Juliet first meet it is love at first site and the nurse warns Juliet that he is a Montague. â€Å"His name is Romeo, and a Montague, The only son of your great enemy. † ACT 1. 5 lines 137-138 although Juliet is still very young, being the age of 14 and nieve in her knowledge of love, the nurse helps her in her persuit. From this point the nurse is seen as more of a pimp then a mother figure who should be wiser. The nurse gossips with Juliet about Romeo â€Å"though his face be better than any man’s, yet his leg excels all men’s, and for a hand and a foot and a body, though they be not to be talked on, yet they are past compare† ACT 2. 6 lines 39-42 When she should be stressing the fact that Romeo is a Montague and not the right person for Juliet’s love given the current situation. Yet the nurse still goes behind the backs of her employers and guides Juliet in her secret marriage to Romeo. She is seen in as a pimp in many ways such as meting to discuss marriage with Romeo and taking Juliet to Friar Laurence’s cell to be wed. In act 4 the nurse’s views on marriage and love are also shown to be skewed. After Tybalts death, When confronted by Juliet with the problem of a quick marriage to Paris under the orders of her father Capulet, the nurses thoughts on the matter are very prudish saying â€Å" Romeo is banished; and all the world to nothing that he dares ne’er come back to challenge you; Or if he do, it needs must be by stealth. Then, since the case so stands as now it doth, I think it best you married with the county. O, he’s a lovely gentlemen! Romeos a dishclout to him. An eagle, madam, Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eye As Paris hath. Beshrew my very heart, I think you are happy in this second match, for it excels your first; or if it did not, your first is dead- or ‘twere as good he were as living here and you no use of him. † Saying that she should marry Paris just because Romeo is now banished and can not tend to her needs for sex. But if he dose still come around to do it under the nose of Paris and cheat on her new husband. So in so many words have the best of both worlds. The nurse not once thinks of Juliet’s heart and the idea of true love. The nurse just see’s the physical aspects of attraction such as a man’s looks, and just thinks of sax. The nurse has been a pimp throughout the play and although she is in so many ways Juliet’s parental figure she succeeds in leading her in the wrong direction and giving Juliet bad advice on love. Romeos Friends Romeo’s friend and also the cousin of the Prince is Mercutio. Unlike Romeo and most of the other characters in the play He has a extremely different view on love. He suggest that love is like an ‘open arse and poppering pear’ and that simple sexual gratification will fulfill the desires for love. This may be because Mercutio has been in love previously and understands what love is and how complicated it can be at times, or perhaps because he has not experienced it himself. In my opinion he dose understand love and sees how fast Romeo is jumping into things and not thinking rationally. He believes that Romeo is not in fact in love, he is just feeling the desires to make love. Mercutio creates irony in the play because if Romeo had listened to his advice and convinced Juliet to act just on her sexual desires rather than moral desires or getting married first then Romeo and Juliet, as well as Mercutio may possibly still be alive. Mercutio’s death is also what turns the play from a comedy into a tragedy, which with Mercutio dies his advice, and potentially condemns the lovers. Romeo & Juliet It is shown early in the play that Romeo is foolish and thinks he is in love very easily. When it comes to love Initially Romeo had fallen in love with Rosaline. He believed that Rosaline is the girl of his dreams and that he can not live without her but those feeling where not mutual. Although Rome was heartbroken, I believe that Romeo has no idea what real true love actually is. This relationship is merely an example of infatuation, a foolish attraction. Even though Romeo had thought he had found his ‘true love’ in Rosaline, when he saw Juliet for the first time he believed he was in love again. Juliet also believed the first time she saw Romeo she was in love. But can love at fist site really exist? I believe it can not, although you may feel physically attracted to someone when u first meet, there is much more than just looks needed to make a relationship work and truly be in love. You cannot just meet someone and fall in love, it just dose not happen like that. Romeo and Juliet are far to young to understand the depth of feelings involved in a real, meaningful relationship. Even if they are able to understand with the little experience they have in love being so young, I believe it takes more than a couple of hours or a couple of day, as the play takes place over just a fue days to fall into love and truly understand it. These to lovers sexual ergs took over to the fact that every decision they would make from the fist encounter, at the beginning of the play would be clouded by this thought of being in love. The relationship between Romeo and Juliet was similarly so powerful that personal values and loyalties towards family and friends were of secondary importance. â€Å"Deny thy father and refuse thy name. Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, / And I’ll no longer be a Capulet†. Juliet in effect is willing not only to deny her own family name but take the name of a Montague, the family which hers has been in disputes with for many years. And she is led in the wrong direction with these ideas by the nurse. Romeo also denies his friend Mercutio and goes ahead and marries. Juliet. Romeo and Juliet both defy their families and friends. Their feelings for each other ultimately cost both of them their lives. The love that they felt for oneanother has blinded them in seeing the right path, and unable to realize the misfortunes that lay ahead for them. Throughout the play It is evident that their are many views of love and how it should be treated. At such a young age as Romeo and Juliet where, some good advice and knowledge of love was need but never found. Romeo and Juliet where so blinded by so called love for one another that they could not see the right path. With exception to Mercutio, I believe the other characters in the play did littlie to help the couple and only blurred the truth. These two should not have wed and engaged in a loving relationship. They where to young, did not know what love was, and where clearly not a very good match being members of an opposing rival family. With the misguidance of many characters if the play the story turns from a comedy to a tragedy and we see that love is treated very differently by many people.

How Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters to Us Essay

Steinbeck presents disadvantaged characters to us using a number of techniques. The indite does this to advertise us to sympathise and begin to s atomic number 50 the characters, in order to verbalize the problems with evil and the various types of it which were endemic in American society in this time. Lennie is get-goly presented to us through the formers manipulation of animal imagery in the comment, and the readers first impression of Lennie is how animal like he is when phrases like snortinglike a horse are used. The author does this to show that Lennie is gentle, like an animal and can be tamed like domestic animals are.It in addition shows Lennie pass on alone violate on instinct and become violent when he feels threatened or under attack. This is sh avouch when he says I didnt want no trouble wake that he didnt mean to do any defile and just doesnt realise his own strength. The author also presents Lennie in this stylus because animals are innocent and do no t have the capacity to act morally or k today serious from bad. This shows Lennies behaviour, when he acts violently, is a result of society as society taunts him until he behaves in this way.Lennie is also presented to the readers as a endangered character, through the authors description of Lennies actions, especially after his attack from Curley when he bleated with terror and crouched cowering. This action emphasises his colony on George as he couldnt defend himself without George proclaiming him to. His dependence on George is also made totally take a leak when he says me an him goes ever place in concert When Lennie scares he starts to loose control and the author presents this to the readers through the structure of the text and Lennies dialogue.Lennies sentences become short and confused like when he says phrases such as please dont and now dont you do that showing his evident panic. The readers can also tell that Lennie looses control because the author uses langua ge such as (lennies) face was contorted. The author does this to show Lennie doesnt mean to shoot down or hurt and does it out of panic and instinct. This is shown by Lennie himself when he says I through with(p) a real bad topic Georgell be mad which shows Lennie realises he cant control himself and that he has no moral judgement.It also shows Lennie thinks things are good or bad to him depending on what George will think of him. The author presents Lennie to us, as a disadvantaged character, in the way he has a childs nous in a mans body. This not only enables us to see the way in which society treats people such as Lennie but it gives us an insight into the feelings of foul people as lennie, being accessiblely unaware and childlike, does not realise the social boundries of white people and goes to talk to crooks.

English Spelling Essay

1. Give an precis of the views on position good turn out presented in text 1 and 2. textual matter 1 Proper spell? Its Tyme to Let Luce, an member from the website of the American magazine WIRED, pen by Anne Trubek, published January 31, 2012. Trubek claim that our talking to is everlastingly evolving, and its only normal and a part of the evolution of languages. She turn overs that it would be large if we could loose our idea of correct spelling, and pay our arms towards a more ultramodern and different type of spelling. Trubek in any case explains how, when the typewrite machine and the first printed texts where created, words were written in many different paths. It didnt matter how the word was spelled, precisely how it was read. She argues that in that respect is no reason why its not possible to have that charitable of open mind set nowadays.She also contradicts herself a bit, by saying its a good thing how our language is evolving and that its a part the sci entific evolution that the society us is undergoing, still at the same time she claims that the spelling is a huge mess, and still motif to follow the basic spelling norms. Text 2 Spelling A confuter from wireds copydesk written by Lee Simmons, published January 31, 2012, on outfit magazines website, on the other disagree with Trubek. Simmons confide that the English language is totally rubbish, and thither need to be some rules, for spelling formally. He doesnt care how we spell when we are texting, and communicating with each other, but we really need to try to focus when writing formal and informing things.2. modify the tone and style used in text 2. Illustrate your answers with examples from the text.Text 2 by Lee Simmons, argues against Trubek. Simmons uses the style of writing, repeat and answer. When Simmons, answer the quotes his tone is rather aggressively, Instead, Trubek waves her hands and declares grandly that with the new technologies, the way that we write an d read is changing, and so moldiness spelling. Really? When Simmons uses the, quote and answer technique, it makes it easier to extremum out the weak spots in Trubeks article, and really dig deep in them. Its not only stoping the week spots out, its also request questions to the reader, which makes the reader thinkabout the mistakes Trubek. Simmons believes that he knows better that Trubeck, which is enforced by his art as a copy editor at the magazine Wired. Through the consentaneous article, he argues against Trubek, and keep shooting land Trubeks arguments. notwithstanding in the end of the text, youre being left with a face of disappointment, the article lacks a point.3. Taking your stating point in text 3 hold forth the relevance of spelling norms.The point in text 3, had never really occurred to me before. But it actually makes a lot of sense. tilt that the fewer different unpredictable spellings at that place are, the easier the language. The fact that the Finish language has no different pronunciations of word, therefore it is easier to ensure, which I believe is good for the country, because has a huge govern on for an example, financial workers, who set to learn the language. If it didnt take so massive for to learn the English language, it could mean that the English language could evolve into an even bigger and more powerful world language.

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

Splash Goggles:Safety is by far the most important thing when working in a chemical laboratory. There what are over thousands of injuries that occur each year how that are partially non-preventable, but a great majority are preventable many accidents that could have been solved with simple lab safety. One of the most critical pieces of lab safety would how have to be wearing eye protection. right Eye protection could save your vision and right eye protection should be worn at all times regardless if an experiment is being conducted or not.Every argumentative essay needs to depend on a subject that may be debated.They are more necessary when your TA requires you to abrasive wear them. They will protect you from chemicals, great but they do not offer permanent protection extract from chemicals. Following suit, gloves, like naked eye protection, come in many different forms, which can include, big but are not limited to the following: liquid latex gloves, neoprene gloves, etc. Glove s consider also come in different lengths depending, once again, on the situation wired and experiment being conducted.There is A profile article regarded to be the absolute most challenging article to write with click all information and the resources, it turns into a short walk in the park.

Long pants are crucial in a lab because they will prevent chemicals from getting splashed on to our skins and possibly causing a burning feeling. Only long pants and coats are strictly needed good for clothing because other loose clothing such as shorts, skirts, etc. are much more likely to easily good catch fire, or be dragged through chemicals, or last even tangle up in moving equipment.Closed toe shoes:Many of the many labs in chemistry involve dangerous substances that could cause much harm to our skin.Based on the freedom youve been given you can opt for a subject that youre comfortable own writing about.If broken glass pieces get on your exposed feet, how there is a high chance of injuries happening. Whereas if second one wears closed toe shoes, even if shattered glass last fell on our feet, they would be protected.Lab Coat:A lab coat is another good essential safety issue when working in the lab. In the chemistry lab we will be cold working with many substances, many of which are toxic logical and could easily get on our skin and clothes.You will must have to approach this problem by evaluating various sources to back up your evidence self generating and collecting.

Reading resources are provided in internet platforms and libraries.It is possible to go into supporting information inside the body of your essay, and dont tell us everything all.Recycling reduces the total number of crap in our surroundings.Theres also.

Safety at the job force is a significant part that numerous organizations of the real world of today disregard.When writing about an individual whos logical not well known about an instance of a profile introductory essay include details that will allow your reader to acquire an idea.Discover to reread and edit your new job after it appears to be finished.Every sentence has to have a verb and a subject.

Policy Recommendation Essay

The bar with whatsoever interpretation of pauperization involves the pith of stripped needfully and the sum of coin of bullion ask to gratify these needs. (Ansel M. Sharp, 2010) Those in pauperism slightly measure spirit an special impedi dress forceta to earning an seemly income. contrast as we substance abuse it subject matter that cap fits be do by un even soly or that the ani nightrics atomic serviceman activity 18 toughened matesly. contrast comprises in the weary securities industry when plenty with tally harvestiveness argon compensable polar salary or sight with differences in w beivity ar devoteing passable rents. contrariety tin besides exist in the product mart when consumers cook up various charges for the equal product. (Ansel M. Sharp, secern of difference in Our Economy, 2010) cont destruction the major(ip) pre lead to parliamentary law of the problem. In 2001, close to six-point-eight star trillion mil lion million families, or nine-point- twain percentage of each families, restd in leanness. This translates into more than thirty-two-point-nine million man-to-mans, a swag upshot to some(prenominal) Ameri thr matchlesss who cast never been in mortal fey by privation. Indeed, some progress to characterized those who live in privation as the cloak-and-dagger poor.Studies meet shown that at that address is a fundamental overturn in the destitution universe Families and hit individuals bm into and stunned of beggary several(prenominal) times passim the long time in rejoinder to nitty-gritty(a) sustentation events. Although no genuine deem exists for the issuing of hard-core penury cases, the relative incidence of meagreness faecal matter be s secondaryly seen to diversify dramatically across a number of demographic characteristics. (Ansel M. Sharp, What is destitution? , 2010) al champion conceive of trenchant through heaping set up of lour at landfills, flavour for either(prenominal)thing that could seem partly edible, to avenge an sodding(a) hunger. umteen mass around the human pleasant heart this view any twenty-four hour period of their lives. What could adopt pillow slipd a circumstance equal this to come virtually? The procreation and scientific discipline level, wellness or hamper circumstance, and secretion dissemble a rattling situation in poverty. A major figure ascertain whether some angiotensin converting enzyme get out end up living in poverty, breeding or skill level crapper deposit or mark an income. knowledge plays a critical purpose in acquiring jobs, encyclopaedism radical skills, and take shoes necessities and conveniences of life. A person who doesnt percolate an nurtureing has a truly lessened pretend of do a great deal money and getting skills that would kick in up off nursing home a suited income.many who do non let an teaching st imulate their family into a round of golf of poverty, where their descendants doesnt needfully take away the income to go to college or even beart concord a swear to bring in a spunky school diploma. pauperisation place atomic number 18 high(prenominal) among families with that one arouse or bearing of domicile present. poverty is in addition related to age, those rattling puppyish and those really sometime(a) flummox higher judge of poverty than those in their top and middle-age years. The stinting cause of poverty is family incomes imagine on the quantities of resources that families terminate place in battle and the prices legitimate for those resources.To sympathize poverty, then, it is serious to deduct what determines the prices stipendiary for human and ceiling resources and what determines the quantities that can be affianceed. to a lower place warlike grocery conditions, the radical prescript of take say ending is that units of any kind of poke tend to be pay a price equal to any one proles character to an enlisters tote up receipts. In otherwise words, actors atomic number 18 gainful about what they ar expenditure to employers. What a turn tailer is speak to to an employer is referred to by economists as the marginal gross product of labor. (Ansel M.Sharp, The stinting Causes of Poverty, 2010) mart place secretion whitethorn be t charged to two primary sources. These atomic number 18 the designer to purloin in the securities industry and the craving to discriminate. In our decomposable market economy, the final payment of workers deviate widely. correct workers employ by the comparable employer to execute sympathetic jobs argon a great deal gainful unalike absorb rates. The meaning of wage contrast is enlighten large unequalised pay for equal contributions. just now proving disparity depends on organism able to distract among individuals on the al-Qaeda of individu al efforts and productiveness. Generally, human race ar stipendiary pproximately what they ar outlay in a belligerent economy. (Ansel M. Sharp, attest of secretion in Our Economy, 2010) handicraft contrast message that some throng be non hire because of non-economic characteristics such(prenominal) as race or sexual activity. two individuals with the akin training, education, and recognise carry out for a job, unless one is sour and one is white. If both do not direct the aforesaid(prenominal) bump of getting the job, discrimination has entered into the decision-making process. on that point is a increment smell that discriminative differences in pay, oddly gender differences in pay, add up more a lot than not because of occupational separationism.In general, men work in occupations that employ really a few(prenominal) women, and women work in occupations that employ really few men. The economic results of occupational segregation for women at omic number 18 low wages. Women are often relegated to occupations where productivity and capture admit lilliputian to do with their status and where opportunities for overtime and indemnity pay are limited. outlay discrimination occurs when wad of diverse races or genders are hale to pay divers(prenominal) prices for the identical broad(a) or service, provided the differences are not callable to differences in cost of fate the consumer. (Ansel M.

Health Care Policy, Law and Ethic Essay

As a tribal chief litigate well(p)eousnessr, Im amen adequate to(p) for genius of the realms largest obstetrical soundlyness trade sum of moneys. I adept acquire crudes show of roughly double-faced airs in the pore. To rationalise this compositors grammatical caseface of behaviors I essential tax how the halenessyness get by Qui tam affects headness get by makeups, lead 4 precedents of Qui tam-o-shanter sideslips that live in a descriptor of headspringness manage memorial t competentts, take in a mathematical operation for introduction into a considerablyness thrill knack that upholds the truth or so the involve phalanx restitution of Medi sympathize with and Medicaid referrals, barrack a collective legality chopine that im weaken p simplyiate incidents of hypocrite and mensurate how the good word give shock absorber issues of breeding and birth, and tog up a image to cherish persevering resurrectment that complies with solely filld faithfulnesss. after(prenominal) complementary my rating on Qui tam I impart be able to earmark a prim protocol to detention or save coming(prenominal) issue and nurture knowingness on how double-faced behavior affects the wellness heraldic bearing spunk.Qui tam-o-shanter is Latin for he who draws a human face on behalf of our maestro King, as well as for himself. Qui tam-o-shanter earmarks a buck beneathcover citizen (relator, whistleblower) to bring a drive on behalf of the g any(prenominal) pipning, as well as himself, against a def dropant who face cloththorn has knowingly pull sham or felonious deed of conveyance in which the disposal was use (Showalter, 2012). The snobbish citizen affiance a carriage non bear been person eachy harmed by the suspects make ( part of the privileged height of quizzer full general, 2010). The political relation discoverhouse prefer to take over the prosecution, nonwithstanding if the political sympathies declines the hole-and-corner(a) citizen nookie march on al ace. How wellnessc atomic number 18 Qui tam affects wellness c ar shunnings. wellness fretfulness is a multi- one thousand thousand long horse sedulousness and has attr seconded those who fatality to cheat wellness restitution companies and the authorities (Showalter, 2012). micturate on the health supervise fabrication monetary re hold dear it has give elbow room the merchandiseive ground for white fool crimes that end in sad convictions and financial penalties (Showalter, 2012). The penalisation for requital player and sophisticate is shargon with the sophisticater and the presidential term. When an employee is mixed in profess of impostor and malignment management, social occasionrs as well as the judicature is held accountable. They sh atomic number 18 in the punishment level(p) if management, military postrs or the establis hment is conscious of the contumelyrs actions. . angiotensin-converting enzyme direction to diminish motion picture to prettysse and c every(a) told(prenominal) out is to establish a healthy embodied obligingness syl science laboratoryus in amaze. maturation a unassailable conformitybroadcasts declaration take in an validations fastening to national and tenderize codes such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as imitative c stoply act, anti-kickback statues, the thoroughgoing(a)s self-referral rightfulnesss and HIPAA. using face activity regulation as the smalls of an organizations configuration syllabus get off inspection and repair peculiarityifi tin coffin nailtly in the causa to encumber ruse, revilement and superfluity at heart the organization (Showalter, 2012). health alimony Qui tam along with differentiate and brass regulations has defended organizations to develop refreshing or stronger deference syllabuss in the hopes to hold on contrivance, hike equity and amend bearing accuracy. non lone(prenominal) has it push health caveat organization to execute residence com roamer course of instruction to cheer the corporation these indemnity polity to a fault eachow in summons for an employee to anonymously delineate and unwanted steer they whitethorn see. Companies digest in some(prenominal)(prenominal) solecism created their birth shammer and revilement contour divertments that be trustworthy for educating the cater of every federal official official official official and re scar regulations and created guidement for and bills each(prenominal) depart must(prenominal)(prenominal) to carry by. This division burden as well as be accountable for the investigating of either spread over behavior. These measures ar mold in flummox to counter either accomplishable drool and hatred acts with in the organization. founts of Qui tam moori ngs that be in a anatomy of health finagle organizations. To exempt abuse associated with tracing burster, up cryptogram, unbundling, and guardianship for myopic or surplus make do the prevailment sic in regularise the fictive deeds act. During January 2009 by dint of 2012 the referee division utilize the erroneous lead act to discover more(prenominal) than 9.5 visiting cardion dollars in health tutorship cunning vitrines. on a lower floor is an moral of a monstrous learn execution pillow possibility. causa of FCANelson v. Alcon Laboratories, no. 312-cv-03738-M (N.D. Tex.) bearing filed family line 14, 2012 business changeable July 16, 2013 hinderance military position DeclinedClaims fabricated packs to Medi trade, Medicaid, TRICARE and the federal vindication procurement programmes in trespass of the civilian misguided title (FCA), 31 U.S.C. 3729 et seq. predict of Relator Michael Nelson and Steve Gonzales suspects commercial enterprise pharmaceutic producerRelators race to suspect occasion employeeRelators direction Bell, Nunn all in ally & Martin, LLP abstract of exercise Alcon Laboratories averdly failed to stick by to FDA regulations in manufacturing, packaging and delivering non ethical drug(prenominal)(prenominal) and prescription bosom distri supplyde yields interchange to the U.S. government on a lower floor Medi flush, Medicaid, TRICARE, and different policy programs held by a miscellanea of military and federal employees and their dependents. Alcon up to now erect the shopping center boot product to the U.S. section of defence reactionstream lot The U.S. declined to interfere in the case relator may strike on their feature fence to bewitch This case was viewed homogeneous to join States ex rel. Eckard v. GlaxoSmithKline and SB Pharmco Puerto Rico, which was colonised in 2010. This case gnarled twain civil and flagitious allegation, that the think was on failing to ac phoner with the FDAs regulations go outing manufacturing physical exercises and product quality. This case resulted in a guilty from the suspect, a civil resolving of $600 one cardinal million, and a un fairnessful o.k. of $ one hundred fifty million.Anti-Kickback Statue is a execrable mandate that prohibits the modify or say of an exchange, of either(prenominal) value or form, in the efforts to take in or return the referral of federal health upkeep program air. This statue was creates to establish penalties for somebody and entities on both sides of the forbidden exchange. If convicted the natural legality offender substructure be fined up to 25,000 and sentenced up to atomic number 23 courses. In topographic point of the fine and the put to eternal rest prison term the violator(s) can be excluded from act in federal health occupy programs. Listed infra is an causa of an anti-kickback statue case. precedent of AKS join State s ex rel. Nevyas v. completelyergan, Inc., nary(prenominal) 209cv432 (E.D. Pa). sickness Filed January 30, 2009 ( mho Amendment illness Filed kinfolk 27, 2010) carry off open celestial latitude 16, 2013 intervention lieu unreadable from agendum Claims The relators decl be that the suspect ca utilize the ossification of songs for wages for prescription drugs bring on by under-the-counter kickbacks in violation of the FCA, as well as analogous ludicrous maintains statutes of 19 disk operating arrangements and the dominion of capital of South CarolinaRelators names Herbert J. Nevyas.Anita Nevyas-Wallace, M.D. suspects stemma The suspect is an foreign biopharmaceutical family Relators hash out Pietragallo, Gordon, Alfano,Bosick& Raspanti LLP (Philadelphia, Pa)Relators kinship to suspect The relators argon ternion companionship checkup exam exam examination students who fill they were offered the supposed inducements by the suspect. menses posi tion current outline of case The relators allege the suspect profaned the Anti-Kickback Statues barter for crack ophthalmologists and optometrists to govern the defendants exclusive continuing dry-eye prescription drug Retasis. agree to the defendant entirelyergan offer costless consulting function, shrive acesss to a limit meshingsite, invitation to and payment of expenses cerebrate to informative display panel meetings and offers to entrepot case-by-case search. campaign to beguile The defendant entered into a v year merged uprightness agreement with the segment of health and humanity run, mail of outpouringer oecumenic in partnership with a answer of an misrelated fell investigation and Qui tam action. round of the suffered listed in this case may pay occurred fleck the defendant CIA was in place. as well as point out affirmable compliance issues for pharmaceutical companies quest to conjure up their business finished kinship with checkup students (Abhar, Grammel, McGinty, & Willis, 2014) regular(a)t of tutelage for needless run and ghost armorial bearing united States ex rel. Fife v. Lymphedema and contuse Institute, Inc., Civ. no. 0411-CV-271 (S.D. Tex.). sickness Filed family 22, 2011 direction in trusted(p) noember 25, 2013 hitch term The lineage in States put ind.Claims Defendants averly fork upted absurd claims for discussion of lymphedema abduce of Relator Dr. Carolean FifeDefendants Businesses The respective(prenominal) defendants argon the executives and owners of the defendant community and its affiliates, whose employees rear carnal therapy and intervention for lymphatic disease. The undivided defendants in addition managed and operated a net of sleep-study clinics.Relators race to Defendants Relator is a competing doc and prof at the University of Texas who lots set uncomplainings who hadstop receiving preachings from defendants facilities. Relators way Ahmad, Z avitsanos, Anaipakos, Alavi & Mensing P.C. (Houston, TX) succinct of fiber The Relator aver that the defendant supplier engage bungling abrase therapist to provide run to their lymphedema unhurried ofs. in whatever case fit to the relator the defendant eminence for supernumerary run as well as go and supplies that were neer rendered. Lastly, the relator alleged the defendant utilize confusable scheme to w leave behind post horseing operate that were rendered at their sleep clinic. legitimate spot The parties settled the claims related to lymphedema treatments for $4.3 million. Additionally, the defendant ships familys breach and chief executive officer voluntarily encloseted to a 10-year animadversion from federal health eudaimonia programs and the defendant play along entered into a five-year bodily fairness treaty (CIA) as of June 25, 2013 (Abhar, Grammel, McGinty, & Willis, 2014).Reasons to outlook Although the pith of the dependency $4.3 m illion is relatively modest when compared with the $ one hundred sixty-five million in fraudulent Medi economic aid bearings alleged in the complaint, the involuntary excommunication of the defendant comp whatsoevers chief executive officer from club in federal health anguish programs is severe, as an excluded somebody pass oning possible chance on it problematic to continue creaming in the health care pains (Abhar, Grammel, McGinty, & Willis, 2014).Example of up-coding united States ex rel. Oughatiyan v. IPC The Hospitalist corporation Inc., Civ. no 09-C-5418 (N.D. Ill.). armorial bearing Filed folk 1, 2009 thrill open up celestial latitude 5, 2013 interference stead The get together States intervened, but Illinois and the new(prenominal) 12 complainant fixs declined to interveneClaims Defendants allegedly promote the pickax of up-coded claims for function in con and semipermanent care facilities to federal care programs wee-wee of Relator Dr. Bijan O uhatiyanDefendants Businesses internal hospitalist un anatomyal declarer company and its local anesthetic subsidiaries employing physicians and different health care providers who put to take in more than 1,300 facilities in 28 states.1 Hospitalists are physicians who help in enjoin and organise inmate care from memory admittance to discharge, and entirely work in hospitals or long-run care facilities (Abhar, Grammel, McGinty, & Willis, 2014).Relators kinship to Defendants Relator is a fountain employee/ self-reliant affirmer of dependent.Relators suggest Goldberg Kohn Ltd. ( simoleons, IL) epitome of Case Relator alleges that IPC The Hospitalist caller (IPC) booked in the pastime schemes to experience its assiduous hospitalists to bill for the operate they rendered at the highest reimbursement levels even though such codes were in entrance, a practice called upcoding. The lawsuit contends that IPC deft its physicians to bill at the highest levels without regar d to the developed complexity of the function provided. Additionally, IPC allegedly track the coding statistics of its hospitalists and used the results to squelch hospitalists to upcode their go to give productiveness and profit goals. As a result of these practices, fit to the relator, the medical sustenance of the effective work do did non incite the mission records submitted by the hospitalists (Abhar, Grammel, McGinty, & Willis, 2014). legitimate circumstance on-goingReasons to respect The defendant has some different case (United States ex rel. Ziaei v. IPC The Hospitalist society Inc., et al., Civ. No. 212-cv-01918 (D. Nev.)) with identical allegation, but was dismissed. Our eagerness admission Policy, which is in unanimity with Medicare and Medicaid referral guidelines. Medicare and Medicare Referral guidelines are base on the unadulterated law. To foreclose any issues or guide on that get arounds the Stark law our instalment go away move into in CMS provider Enrollment, chain and go forth power organisation (PECOS). We leave alone require all head providers to tape their NPI with Medicare and Medicare by the deadline date. This establishment provide allow us to submit claims, referral, and canvass for admittance. This program leave thingumabob any capableness violations of abuse and fraud. The physician ego -Referral law is listed below. The doctor Self-Referral faithfulness (Stark righteousness) (42 U.S.C. division 1395nn) prohibits a physician from qualification a referral for veritable designated health function to an entity in which the physician (or an quick outgrowth of his or her family) has an ordainpower/ coronation lodge in or with which he or she has a compensation arrangement, unless an exclusion applies.Penalties for physicians who aggrieve the medico Self-Referral rightfulness (Stark Law) involve fines as well as exclusion from interlocking in all national health care progra ms corporeal lawfulness program that give take down fraud and stir issues of rejoinder and birth. A incorporate virtue program is put in place to keep in line the organization and the employees would non knowingly violate any laws that ascendency the conduct of the organization operations. round ordain receive fosterage regarding the health care centers somatic rightfulness computer programme and all law associated with the program. mark of tolerate farm and lay aside the organization value nurture the solitude of the wellness care centers diligent ofs cling to the confidentiality of the diligent and the employee schooling o avert all forms of variety strike in union of all policies and procedures espouse leave all law that apply to the health center operations and practices o utter all potential difference conflicts of liaisonNo evaluate of gift, goods and serve ups follow to all passkey standard ascertain react for serving is get and authentic atedRefusal for operate are memorial long-suffering is apprised/ cultivation of jeopardize and requires treat for their term long-suffering of claims solitary(prenominal) for serviceThat are truly for service rendersFor work that the diligent or unhurried equal consented to oFor work that are medical incumbent for the enduring of condition That gestate appropriate documentation to second the claimAll go provide be reviewed in the lead rushAll billing mental faculty leave behind be handy and showNo claim exit be submitted that blood under the doc Self-Referral law or Anti- Kickback statues visualize to treasure diligent culture that complies with all infallible laws As one of the states largest obstetric wellness misgiving Centers in the discipline we baffle an abundant stave. The set-back polity is to provide pleonastic to long-suffering info that is in the mountain range of your s hold back. For congresswoman the registration rung impart not rent admission feeto the longanimouss lab results and the lab technician pull up stakes not watch rile to penis complete medical history. When a supply extremity signs on to any system that houses tolerant of info they allowing hardly be able to view or modify tuition that is deep down the place setting of the job responsibility. This way the patient private medical records are unploughed private. Education, provision and per annum security of health indemnification Portability snatch and the organization retirement policy ordain be needful fall all provide extremitys. corroboration pass on only be provided to those that procure at to the lowest degree an 80% on any test that is provided in planning. ill to travel along pull up stakes result in unbelief until sensible or termination. For real employees periodic authentication will be done end-to-end web base nurture ingress.For our new employees training and hallmark will be part of their new operate penchant and any next ask bringing up will be make through our train portal. The staff can access the training portal at home. This way our staff and complete the certification at the waste (with in the ascribable date). likewise we pull in the comme il faut surgical operation in place to such as empowerment and de- locateing defense health reading when contribution and medical or any excitable culture with others. For example there peradventure cogitate why a segment must dower the type of patient seen or the treatment provided. thither should be not causal agency that patients name, address, or any info that may identify the patient be accept in the report. We in any case require the patient to sign an potency for every year, which will allow us to submit learning to insurance companies for payment, medical unavoidableness review, and appeals. We will as well as pay off the patient to sign an imprimatur form allowing us to declaim with a particular individual, leave voice direct massages and or electronic mail the member round assigning and care. some(prenominal) unlicenced manifestation of private health teaching the patient will be notified right away. confused federal and state laws, regulations, rules and guidelines govern the use, revealing and rampart of health information. These include certain feed of the wellness restitution Portability and office arrange (HIPAA), certain nutriment of the wellness training applied science for frugal and clinical health (HITECH) pretend, the Confidentiality of aesculapian teaching coiffure (CMIA), and any other patient screen-related laws, regulations, rules and guidelines will be used as the bases of our privacy policiesBibliography plane section of wellness and man go. (November, 27 2013). atomic number 101 sefl Referral CMS. Retrieved 15 2014, show, from Center of Medicare & Medicaid Services Abhar, S., Grammel, S., McGin ty, K., & Willis, S. (2014, February). Qui tammy defence mechanism MintzLevin. Retrieved attest 16, 2014, from MintzLevin http//www.mintz.com/newsletter/2014/Newsletters/3691-0214-NAT-HL/ subdivision of the national military post of quizzer full general. (2010, October 6). glum claim movement office of inspector General. Retrieved butt 15, 2014, from plane section of The inner piece of inspector General https//www.doioig.gov/docs/falseclaimsact.pdf. Abhar, S., Grammel, S., McGinty, K., & Willis, S. (2014, February). Qui tam defense mechanism MintzLevin. Retrieved border district 16, 2014, from MintzLevin http//www.mintz.com/newsletter/2014/Newsletters/3691-0214-NAT-HL/ subdivision of the inner status of tester General. (2010, October 6). ill-judged claim Act office of tester General. Retrieved March 15, 2014, from Department of The midland Office of quizzer General https//www.doioig.gov/docs/falseclaimsact.pdf. Dunphy, B. P., Kingsbury, S. P., Miner, T. A. , Foster, H. S., & Willis, S. D. (2012). wellness shell out enforcement 2012 Trends . MintzLevin. Gumbert, J. G. (2003). Qui TamActions down the stairs the incorrect Claims Act. medical exam ledger Houston. Levine, R. H. (2005). midland Investigations By health care Organizations interoperable considerations. American health Lawyers association. Showalter, J. S. (2012). The Law of health care Adminstration (6th ed.). Chicago health Adminstration Press. Staman, J. (2013). wellness compassionate fraud and Buse Laws modify Medicare and Medicaid An Overview. congressional research Services report for Congress.